Programming introduction

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What is programming??


This is the first question that raids the minds of everybody sometime or other. Programming is basically the art of making a machine or more specifically a computer, do tasks you want it to do.
A program is a set of instructions or commands, indeed in a language which is understandable by a computer.

That rules out English or any other language humans usually use to converse with each other.

Programming languages can be basically categorized into two, namely:

  1. Low-level languages (LLLs) and,

  2. High-Level Languages (HLLs).


 

  1. Low-Level Languages:- Low-level languages are machine oriented i.e. they can be easily understood by the computers, though they pose a problem for the users. While using Low-level languages the user needs to have a very detailed knowledge of the language. Machine language and Assembly language are the examples of LLLs.

  2. High-Level Languages:- High-level languages are more user-friendly. They were developed to overcome the problems and difficulties posed by LLLs. But that also means a computer doesn't understand HLLs directly, so the programs written in HLLs are hence translated into the machine language with the help of compilers or interpreters. BASIC, PASCAL, FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL, C, C++, C# are some of the various examples of HLLs. HLLs can be further classified in the following manner:-

    1. Procedure Oriented Programming Languages:- Procedure oriented programming (POP) gives importance to the procedure/ sequence of actions, i.e. they rely on predefined and well-organized steps or procedures in a program's architecture to specify all the steps a computer must take to reach the desired state. For example, PASCAL, FORTRAN.

    2. Object-Oriented Programming Languages:- Object-oriented programming gives importance to the objects/ data rather than the actions. It enables us to achieve the results without having to write step-by-step procedure. For example, C++, Java.



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